Taking ephedra may also cause anxiety, dizziness, difficulty urinating, dry mouth, headache, irritation of the stomach, nausea, psychosis, restlessness, sleep problems, and tremors. Species of ephedraceae contained within the plant list belong to 1 plant. It is the source of ephedrine alkaloids and has an extremely long history of use in china. In the excel file, head over to the insert tab and then click the object button. Pdf estimation of genetic variability and population. Some of these side effects may be associated with longterm use of ephedra. Males above 40 years were found to be more knowledgeable regarding uses.
Ephedra distachya is a shrub in the family ephedraceae that stands about 25 cm to 50 cm high. The most recent versions of microsoft office have several features that allow you to, among others, import data into excel from the following sources the most common text file formats, such as commaseparated values. Scientific assessment of ephedra species ephedra spp. Pdf chemical composition of various ephedra species. Jun 24, 2014 this page was last edited on 22 december 2019, at 22. Some dozen or so species occur in the western united states, with three ephedra viridis, ephedra cutleri, ephedra torreyana common in the four corners area. So far swip has found out that the best way to extract the alkaloids from the plat matter is either of the following. Try our completely free pdf to excel converter online. Ephedra is a low stalky shrub with jointed green to brown stems and tiny unnoticeable leaves. Wait for smallpdf to reconstruct the file to excel format. Download filtered list as excel download full excel excel usage guide download full pdf trigger button. Variable wood formation and adaptation to the alpine. Previous studies implied that wood formation in ephedra differs fundamentally from that in dicotyledons in which vesselbearing and vesselless taxa are systematically distinct.
Ephedra the ephedra family, ephedraceae, has but one genus, ephedra. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Learn how to convert pdf to excel xlsx using adobe acrobat dc. It is also found in afghanistan, pakistan, china, nepal, bhutan and tajikistan aswal and mehrotra, 1999, fu et al. Ephedra is the sole genus in ephedraceae dumortier 1829, which many authors designate as the sole family in order ephedrales dumortier 1829. Ephedraceae, a gymnosperm shrub, is distributed across southern siberia, mongolia, and china, and is found in arid areas and highlands, occurring on slopes, dry river beds, sandy places, or fields in mountainous areas lin et al. A list of all accepted names in ephedraceae is available in csv format. Pdf ephedra is herbal medicine used in the treatment of many diseases, especially. The naked seeds are the features, which places ephedra with the classical group, the gymnosperms. Ephedra history evolution containing approximately fifty species, the genus ephedra family ephedraceae was distributed in arid and semiarid regions of asia, europe, northern africa, southwestern.
You also get limitless data caps and file sizes, and you can even convert multiple pdf files to excel simultaneously. If the file is a scan, ocr will activate automatically. Traditional medicinal uses of plants in gilgitbaltistan. Convert pdf to excel convert pdf data to excel spreadsheets. Drag and drop your file to our pdf to excel converter. Discrimination of three ephedra species and their geographical. Name your new excel file and click the save button. Some asian species have been used as a source of the stimulant ephedrine, and many are important in herbal medicine. The data was analyzed using excel spreadsheets and preference ranking, paired comparison test and direct matrix ranking. Ephedra may intensify or cause seizures in people with seizure disorders.
Filter by taxonomic group check the box next to one or more of the major taxonomic groups to include the groups in your results, or click the dropdown arrow next to the group name to select specific groups at a finer taxonomic level. Continuing to use this website means you agree to our use of cookies. These side effects might be more likely if ephedra is used in high doses or longterm. Easypdf can help you extract pdf tables and turn scanned files into editable excel spreadsheets. We do not use these to store personal information about you. Ephedrinetype alkaloid content of nutritional supplements. The shrub grows in many parts of the world, including southern and central europe and western and central asia. Ephedra sinica use of dry plant matter the ethnobotanical. Ephedra gerardiana is commonly known as gerards joint fir, used in the indigenous systems as well as in modern systems of medicine. Give our online pdf to excel converter a try for free, or sign up for one of our memberships for unlimited use of all of our conversion and editing tools. Our servers will then convert your pdf to excel online and you just have to download it. Ephedraceae in world checklist of selected plant families.
Plants of ephedra normally have vessels, but are known to become nearly vesselless in some alpine localities. Wait as the tool saves the spreadsheet to pdf format. Estimation of genetic variability and population structure. Ephedrine can be produced by chemical synthesis and in its pure form. Gardner contribution from departments of pharmaceutics and pharmacy practice, college of pharmacy, university of arkansas for. Unless otherwise noted all references are to duke, james a. Ephedra use is linked to high blood pressure, heart attacks, muscle disorders, seizures, strokes, irregular heartbeat, loss of consciousness, and death. The microsporophylls are similar to the stamens of the flowering plant.
Ephedra profile ephedra ephedra sinica, also known as mahuang, is an herbal stimulant drug composed of two active compounds pseudoephedrine and ephedrine that are ingredients in many overthecounter products. The species is reported as dominant in some areas, but little is known about its entire. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of gras herbs and other economic plants. For each type of tracheary element, lengths were measured for 30 cells in all specimens using a video micrometer vm60 n, olympus co. Ephedra commonly known as joint pine, joint fir, mormon tea or brigham tea is the only genus in family ephedraceae and order ephedrales. Simple correlation between tracheary element lengths and nonanatomical factors were calculated with microsoft excel 2004 for mac microsoft co. The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. Ephedra, genus of 65 species of gymnosperm shrubs of the family ephedraceae.
Click select a file and choose the pdf you want to convert from the resulting window. Ephedraceae dumortier mormontea or jointfir family dennis wm. As explained by john walkenbach in the excel 2016 bible before you can do anything with data, you must get it into a worksheet. Browse to the location of your file, select the file, and then click open. After converting your pdf to excel, we always delete files from our servers after one hour. Formulations, characterization, in vitro and ex vivo release of. Ephedra sinica stapf also known as chinese ephedra or ma huang. Ephedra can cause severe lifethreatening or disabling conditions in some people. Convert pdf to excel free online no email required. A total of 34 species belonging to 18 were used as medicine. The fda regulates ephedrine, the synthesized form of ephedra. Optical character recognition converts nonselectable text from scanned documents into editable office files. Almost every part of the plant possesses innumerable medicinal properties.
Pdf a new species of ephedra ephedraceae, ephedrales from. Ephedrinetype alkaloid content of nutritional supplements containing ephedra sinica mahuang as determined by high performance liquid chromatography b. General information about ephedraceae 1ephf this website uses cookies our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible online experience. Pdf formulations, characterization, in vitro and ex vivo release of. Here we examined the genetic diversity and population structure of e. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Data on the number of species vary from 20 to 44, broken down into 5 sections. Ephedraceae jointfirs equisetaceae horsetails ericaceae huckleberries, heaths, heathers euphorbiaceae spurges, crotons, sandmats.
Discrimination of species and geographical origins of traditional chinese medicine tcm is essential to prevent adulteration and inferior problems. Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in its family, ephedraceae, and order, ephedrales. The active constituents in ephedra herbs are ephedrine alkaloids such as methylephedrine. Ephedracontaining supplements are banned for sale in the united. Pdf estimation of genetic variability and population structure in. Because of adverse events and lack of efficacy, use is not recommended for weight loss or increased athletic performance. Pdf on jun 6, 2016, vandana tiwari and others published estimation of genetic variability and population structure in ephedra gerardiana wall. Ephedraceae, is a perennial herbaceous shrub, native to drier regions of temperate and alpine himalayas from kashmir to sikkim at an altitude of 2000 to 4500 m in india.
Thus it superficially appears that these plants are an evolutionary link between the conifers and the true flowering plants. The family ephedraceae is in the major group gymnosperms conifers, cycads and allies. First draganddrop the file into the box or simply click on the choose file button to upload your pdf file. Standard international document pdf consulte le 20 janvier 2007. Ephedra is an evolutionally isolated group and is the only genus in the order ephedrales. Drag and drop your file to the excel to pdf converter. Ephedra sinica, a species of ephedra ma huang, contains the alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which have been found to induce central nervous system stimulation, bronchodilation, and vasoconstriction with ephedrine toxicity associated with stroke, myocardial infarction and sudden death. Green ephedra is a dioecious, scraggly shrub rarely more than 60 cm to 150 cm high. The fda also seeks to outlaw labeling claims that ephedra products can cause weight loss. On the result page, continue to modify the output file if. A companion to braunwalds heart disease second edition, 20. The various species of ephedra are widespread in many lands, native to southwestern north america, southern europe, northern africa, southwest and central asia, northern china and western south america. Ephedra or ma huang is a sympathomimetic herbal extract used for asthma treatment, weight loss, and enhanced athletic performance. These species grow in dry climate over wide areas of the northern hemisphere including north america,europe, north africa, and south west and central asia.
Supplements containing ephedra extracts are a popular herbal stimulant. Ephedra sinica ephedraceae is a gymnosperm shrub with a wide distribution across central and eastern asia. The terminal stems are thin, green, and essentially leafless. Aug 05, 2019 the whole ephedra sinica plant has traditionally been used to treat symptoms of bronchial asthma, colds, influenza, allergies, and hives in teas or tinctures. Stevenson shrubs or vines, erect or clambering, equisetum like, dioecious very rarely monoecious. Their closest relative is the bizarre welwitschia spp.
Back at the object window, youll see the file path of your pdf. Upload pdf from the cloud easypdf doesnt depend on the operating system. When it comes to ephedra, the alkaloids of ephedrine in the plant matter are in its natural free base form, and is soluble in most solvents. Then, select spreadsheet from the list of export options and decide whether you want an excel workbook. A taxonomic family within the order gnetales many asiatic shrubs.
Pdf ephedra geradiana is commonly known as gerards joint fir, used in the indigenous systems as well as in modern systems of medicine. Meanwhile, the ephedra education council reported in november 2001 that two studies by separate researchers confirm that ephedra is safe and effective for weight loss when consumed and used as directed. These ephedra species have medicinal, ecological, and economic value. Estimation of genetic variability and population structure in. An endangered and endemic high altitude medicinal plant. Ephedra distachya is used to relieve acute muscular and rheumatic pains when it is called teamsters. Meyer is a research ecologist at the usda forest services rocky mountain research station, shrub sciences laboratory,provo utah table 1ephedra,ephedra.
If your pdf documents contain scanned text, acrobat will run text recognition automatically. The plants are herbaceous perennials that can exceed 1 m in height, with a strong pine odor and an astringent taste morton, 1977. Download fulltext pdf estimation of genetic variability and population structure in ephedra gerardiana wall. Plants of the ephedra family the ephedras produce naked seeds like the pines, but they form on a colored, cuplike structure called a perianth. Use nitros industryleading pdf to excel converter to create better quality doc files than the alternatives.
Molecular characterization of ephedra species found in. In the object window that appears, switch to the create from file tab and then click browse. Choose spreadsheet as your export format, and then select microsoft excel workbook. Ephedra samples from different species and geographical origins could be differentiated. Ephedra bienfaits, utilisation, posologie, astuces passeportsante. The false positive reaction of the triage panel drugofabuse by herbal drugs mahuang ephedra sinica ephedraceae.